Oklahoma_Mike wrote on 12/31/69 at 16:00:05:In simple terms cooler brakes work better. As the brakes are applied the exterior of the pad glazes over. This glazed layer (the black powder from the brakes that forms on the vehicles wheels) is a few microns thick but it is very smooth as opposed to the normally abrasive material on the pad. This smooth layer inhibits the friction that is used to stop the bike and it is normally held in-between the pad and rotor until you release the brake. With holes the glazed material is allowed to escape thus allowing abrasive material to come in contact with the rotor. Not to mention since the rotor and pad are cooler it takes a little longer to glaze over.
Michael 8)
This is a very good simple explanation. I actually majored in physics back in the 14th century (1985-1991), and we studied lots of heat related
phenomena stuff.
The nerdy pocket-protector physics goes like this.
Remember Newton's laws, one of which was "energy is niether created nor destroyed, just converted from one form to another?"
A bike (mass=m) moving at a certain speed (velocity=v) has a certain kinetic energy(E), I think it's E=1/2mv
2 if I remember right. More speed = more energy, put in there by the motor which converts the fuel&air's combustion energy to mechanical energy (and noise and heat). The bike's mass is constant, it don't change, so when we are moving the energy is directly related to the square of the velocity. [glow=red,2,300]
E~v2 [/glow]
Brakes slow the bike down. So where does the energy go? It ain't destroyed. It gets converted to HEAT, and the change in temp is abbreviated (deltaT, or dT since I can't make a greek "delta" on the keyboard). Brakes introduce friction which heats up the pads and rotor (also bearings, tires, etc. etc. etc.). These have mass (m) and a thermal coefficient (c). As long as we are not melting or boiling the parts, the energy(E)-to-heat (dT)relationship is E=mc(dT). Thermal coeff (c) is constant, it don't change, so change in energy is directly proportional to the change in temp (dT) -- [glow=red,2,300]
E~dT [/glow]
The E from change in speed and the E from dT are the same E, for braking purposes, so the change in temp of the brake parts is directly proportional to the SQUARE of the change in velocity(v): [glow=red,2,300]
dT~(dV)2 [/glow]
You can see at least mathematically why things get hot so fast. You can also tell it when you burn your fingers on the hot parts or see the smoke from the brakes.
The deltaT has to be dissipated, or the brakes will get red, glaze over, oxidize, anneal, and eventually melt. There comes a point where the brakes can't physically get any hotter till parts melt (this is called latent heat of fusion). At this point, we can no longer convert mechanical energy to heat energy and
the brakes don't work! The closer we get to this point, the less the brakes work. In racing, they call this "brake fade", and it's a big problem they deal with by going to drilled rotors. The drilled rotors increase the surface area and turbulence of the air, cooling the steel faster, and lessening the brake fade.
We don't see this very often on the street, but it's still happening to a lesser degree.