I will try to answer your question in order asked:
"Unattended" means that the county could not locate any next of kin, and govt records showed that this person was a veteran with and honorable discharge. As such, he has the right to a military funeral and internment at a National Cemetery. Quite often, they are homeless as well.
Usually, the missions are well attended by various Veteran groups.
The Bexar County Veterans Service Officer is the one who asks the PGR to attend these services.
The PGR does NOT attend a service or do an escort unless specifically requested by the family "authorized point of contact".
Funeral protests are very rare now. After that started happening, Texas put laws into place that pretty much made it impossible anyway.
Missions are mostly for family support and to show honor and respect for the veteran.
Women do attend. We have female Ride Captains and Flag Captains as well. All you need is respect.
I attend a lot more PGR missions than indicated on my FB page.
To get a better idea of the volume and get more info and pictures here is a link to the San Antonio PGR Facebook page:
https://www.facebook.com/groups/SAPGR/About vests and patches:
PGR has no rules or guidelines. However, you may be asked to cover a patch that is really vulgar. Never noticed it to happen though.
There are no patches to "earn" for the PGR. Some people put on patches from the PGR store. Some just use the vest they have "as is". Some have vests just for PGR, and a different vest for other times.
ALR: no clue. I am a member of American Legion post 593, but not the post's ALR. Many of our riders in the PGR belong to ALR from one post or another. And from what I heard, each ALR does things a bit differently.
General: Not a "rule", but a good idea. If you put on a US Flag patch should go on the left side and be the highest patch on that side.
Look through the pictures on the FB page for examples of what people do.
It is very nice for you to be so complementary about what I do with the PGR, but, not needed. Make me feel a bit self conscious.
"Do what you can, when you can" is a motto you may hear. That is what I do.