IDK how practical a turbo would be for one cylinder, but it could probably be done using some type of airbox. The reason is, the carb doesn't really have a manifold or anywhere to store the volume of air needed for the boost pressure. The carb and rubber ducts are just too small to store a reasonable volume of air, and I don't think the turbo would handle the pulsed nature of one cylinder very well without an airbox to act as a kind of capacitor.
Also, keep in mind that turbos are coupled via exhaust manifold pressure, which is also very pulsy on a one cylinder. Whereas, superchargers are mechanically coupled to the crankshaft.
Frankly, I kinda wonder if a tuned ram air tube on the carb might not offer a good performance boost without nearly the problems? The youngsters here won't know about the old Mopar cross ram air 413's and 426's back in the 60's, but the old timers probably remember. I raced against these (drag) back then and lemme tell ya... they were quite formidable!