Charon
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Catalytic converters do two things. One, they "finish" burning unburned fuel, usually carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide. Two, they reduce nitrous oxides back into nitrogen and oxygen. They have no effect on the water or on the sulfur oxides.
Sulphur is present in almost all petroleum fuels, and most of it is refined out. The remainder turns into sulphur oxide (two forms, both gaseous). Some gets into the crankcase, where it will combine with any water present and form sulphurous or sulphuric acid. Oil has some alkali in it to counter this (and other) acids. The majority goes out the exhaust pipe, unless liquid water is present (cold pipe), in which case some combines with the water and forms acid. As a matter of interest, carbon dioxide also combines with liquid water, forming carbonic acid, also corrosive. Carbonic acid is present in all carbonated beverages.
That water is formed when gasoline is burned in air is beyond dispute. Gasoline is a hydrocarbon, meaning it consists of hydrogen and carbon. When completely burned in air (actually, oxygen) it produces oxides of hydrogen and carbon - specifically, water and carbon dioxide. Temperatures in the engine sylinder are high enough that the water remains vaporized - steam. When that steam hits a cold exhaust system, it condenses into liquid water. Observe the exhaust pipe of a car (with or without a catalytic converter) on a cold day and see the water dripping out. Ever wonder where it came from? Now you know.
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